JOURNAL OF PURE SOCIAL SCIENCES (PURESOC) - PAK SOSYAL BİLİMLER DERGİSİ (PAKSOS)

EXAMINATION OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, MISSION VALENCE AND PUBLIC SERVICE MOTIVATION IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

HAKAN AKCA — 2025-12-29

The issue of employee motivation and performance in order for employees in public institutions to provide effective and quality service is one of the important issues that has been emphasized for many years in the public administration literature. Within the framework of the situation in question, the subjects of transformational leadership, mission valence and public service motivation, which are frequently discussed in the literature, are examined in detail in this study. The main purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between these three subjects in the context of public administration. In this respect, within the framework of the literature analysis, the theoretical infrastructure for the relationship and interaction between transformational leadership, mission valence and public service motivation in the context of public administration is included in the study and the empirical evidence obtained on this subject is examined.

THE EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS ON COMPETITION IN THE AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR

Ayşe Çoban — 2025-12-29

The automotive sector is one of the most important sectors that directly affects many sectors. The most prominent in the automotive sector are automobiles. In addition to the invention of the wheel, German engineer Karl Benz, who produced the first automobile with a gasoline engine in the 1800s, initiated an irreversible process in human history.

Countries that are pioneers in technological development in the automobile sector gain a great advantage in competition. Innovations that emerged in the automobile sector, especially in exterior and interior design, increase the competitive pressure day by day. In this context, the competitive advantage that was held by US and European companies until the 1990s has gradually begun to evolve towards the Far East. In this process, Japanese companies and then South Korean companies have made significant progress. The recent involvement of Chinese companies in the process with modern technologies has led to the reconsideration of all competition arguments.

This study analyzes the effects of technological developments on the automotive sector. In this context, the development of technological developments in the automotive sector over time as well as the effect of design on competition in the automotive sector is discussed.

OPTIMAL ALLOCATION OF CITY MARKETING RESOURCES FROM A BIOECONOMY PERSPECTIVE: A LINEAR PROGRAMMING APPROACH

Ömer BÜYÜKBAŞ — 2025-12-29

This study aims to redesign urban marketing strategies by integrating bioeconomic sustainability principles into the allocation of city resources. While conventional urban marketing literature predominantly focuses on brand identity, image building, and promotional activities, this research introduces a bio-based linear optimization model that simultaneously maximizes economic efficiency, ecological resilience, and socio-cultural value creation. The model is constructed using city perception and satisfaction data from Kahramanmaraş, originally developed by Büyükbaş (2018), and incorporates bioeconomic contribution coefficients and social impact weights as decision parameters. Empirical results reveal that environment, gastronomy, and culture-tourism demonstrate the highest marginal bioeconomic returns, and reallocating resources toward these domains increases the city’s composite image and bioeconomic competitiveness score by 21%. Furthermore, a reduction in investments in transportation and traditional infrastructure corresponds with lower carbon emissions and enhances the city’s cyclical innovation capacity. These findings emphasize that urban marketing should not be treated solely as a promotional function but as a strategic decision-making process grounded in bioeconomy, circular development, and sustainability science. The study contributes to the literature by proposing a novel decision framework based on bioeconomic linear programming and offers practical insights for cities seeking to strengthen their sustainable competitiveness and transition toward regenerative urban systems.

THE IMPORTANCE OF FACILITATION OF CUSTOMS PROCEDURES FOR BUSINESSES

HÜSEYİN KOÇARSLAN — 2025-12-29

The globalization movement that emerged after World War II increased the volume of world foreign trade. Our country, which previously implemented strict foreign trade controls, adapted to these developments and implemented a free foreign trade policy in 1980. These practices have positively impacted our country's foreign trade volume. While exports were $2.9 billion in 1980, they reached approximately $262 billion in 2024. This trend has also been experienced in imports, another component of foreign trade. As of 2024, our country's foreign trade volume reached approximately $606 billion. During exports and imports, goods pass through customs authorities and are subject to customs procedures. Throughout history, countries' customs procedures have hindered international trade in goods. The stringency and transparency of customs procedures vary depending on a country's level of development. While customs procedures can be easier in developed countries, customs procedures in underdeveloped or underdeveloped countries can take longer, delaying shipments and potentially leading to problems with customer satisfaction and the supply chain. The Customs Union agreement, which Turkey implemented with the EU on January 1, 1996, marked a significant step toward streamlining and facilitating customs procedures. In 2014, Turkey implemented the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) system, implemented in EU countries, the United States, and many other countries. This system aims to simplify and expedite customs procedures, as is the case in these countries. Another system that facilitates customs procedures is the Approved Person Status (APS) system, implemented at the national level. This study analyzes these two systems and examines their impact on businesses in terms of customs procedures.

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INTERNATIONAL SALES AND SALES MANAGEMENT

HÜSEYİN KOÇARSLAN — 2025-12-29

Küreselleşme ve dijitalleşmenin hız kazanmasıyla birlikte işletmelerin uluslararası pazarlara yönelimi artmış; bu durum, uluslararası satış ve satış yönetiminin (USSY) stratejik önemini daha da belirgin hâle getirmiştir. Ancak satış literatürünün büyük ölçüde iç pazar odaklı olması, uluslararası satış faaliyetlerinin nasıl etkin biçimde yönetileceğine ilişkin içgörü ihtiyacını artırmaktadır. Bu çalışma, uluslararası satış ortamını yeniden şekillendiren temel dinamikleri ortaya koymayı ve USSY’nin işletme performansı üzerindeki stratejik rolünü kavramsal bir çerçevede değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, uluslararası satış yönetimine ilişkin güncel akademik literatür sistematik biçimde incelenmiş ve elde edilen bulgular sentezlenmiştir. Bulgular, USSY’nin yüksek belirsizlik ve karmaşıklık içeren, çok boyutlu bir yönetim alanı olduğunu göstermektedir. Küresel krizler ve çevresel aksaklıklar sonrasında kültürel anlayış, yerel ilişkilerin yönetimi ve güven inşası gibi geleneksel başarı faktörleri önemini korurken; dijital teknolojilerin artan kullanımı uluslararası satış süreçlerini köklü biçimde dönüştürmektedir. Dijital platform dikkati, sosyal medya kullanımı ve yapay zekâ destekli uygulamalar, özellikle çok uluslu işletmelerde satış performansını artıran temel unsurlar olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, satış elemanlarının bireysel becerileri, kültürel bağlama özgü özellikler ve fonksiyonlar arası iş birliği, uluslararası satış başarısının belirleyici unsurları arasında yer almaktadır. Sonuç olarak çalışma, USSY’nin geleceğinin stratejik dijital entegrasyon, kültürel farklılıklara uyum ve örgüt içi koordinasyonun etkin biçimde yönetilmesine bağlı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Elde edilen bulguların, uluslararası pazarlara açılmayı hedefleyen işletmelere yol gösterici olacağı ve literatüre teorik katkı sağlayacağı değerlendirilmektedir.